• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention provides a filter device for the natural control of processionary caterpillars, comprising a holder for holding a nest of the processionary caterpillar and their natural enemies, the holder being provided with an inlet opening for placing the food in the holder. nest; a seal, for at least partially closing the inlet opening; and at least one exit opening for letting insects out of the container, the exit opening being dimensioned such that natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar, such as the parasitic fly or parasitic wasp, can leave the container and such that at least some of the butterflies of the processionary caterpillars that are in the container cannot escape from the container.
    公开号:BE1027355B1
    申请号:E20205508
    申请日:2020-07-08
    公开日:2021-07-02
    发明作者:Antonius Hendrikus Johannes Stokwielder
    申请人:Storix Boombeheer；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Device for the natural control of processionary caterpillars The present invention relates to a device and method for the natural control of processionary caterpillars.
    Processionary caterpillars, and in particular the oak processionary caterpillar (epr) and pine processionary caterpillar (dpr), are increasingly causing problems. The caterpillars are called processionary caterpillars because they move, one after the other and in procession, from tree to tree. Oak processionary caterpillars also move from their nest to the roof of a tree to eat. The pine processionary caterpillar moves over great distances over the ground, and also makes nests in the ground. The reproduction of the processionary caterpillars starts with an egg. These grow into caterpillars. After a certain period, these caterpillars pupate, and a pupa is formed. This pupa emerges as a butterfly or moth, where the butterfly reproduces again, and eggs are formed again, with which the cycle starts again.
    The caterpillars have dangerous stinging hairs for humans and animals, which cause irritation and itching. The body of the caterpillars is covered with long hairs, on the abdomen of the caterpillar they are shorter, arrow-shaped and have barbs. These hairs on the back easily detach from the caterpillar's body. These hairs cause an allergy-like skin rash, allergy and respiratory, lung and eye disorders, and can result in blindness and other serious injury .
    It is the object of the present invention to provide a natural solution for controlling processionary caterpillars.
    The present invention provides a filter device for the natural control of processionary caterpillars, comprising a container for holding a nest of the processionary caterpillar and their natural enemies, the container being provided with an inlet opening for placing in the container the nest; a seal, for at least partially closing the inlet opening; and at least one exit opening for letting insects out of the container, the exit opening being dimensioned such that natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar, such as the parasitic fly or parasitic wasp, can leave the container and such that at least some of the butterflies of the processionary caterpillars that are in the container cannot escape from the container.
    A nest of the processionary caterpillar is generally understood to mean a collection of at least one, preferably several caterpillars and/or (at a later stage) pupae of the processionary caterpillar.
    Typically, a nest contains about 150 pupae, although nest sizes can vary.
    In nature, the caterpillars' natural enemies parasitize the caterpillars (e.g., the eggs or caterpillars), so that some of the pupae include or will produce natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar.
    These natural enemies use the caterpillars to reproduce themselves, and thus parasitize the caterpillars.
    The inventor has discovered that naturally about 72% of a processionary caterpillar's nest is parasitized, depending on the natural conditions surrounding the nest.
    Thus, as the nest evolves it will produce oak processional butterflies as well as natural enemies such as parasitic flies and parasitic wasps.
    Preferably, the natural enemies are allowed to emerge and grow up in a protected environment, in order to give the population of the natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar a boost.
    The container provides the natural enemies with protection and shelter.
    Once hatched, transformed or evolved and once equipped, the new natural enemies can exit the container through the at least one exit opening.
    Placing the nest in the holder protects the natural enemies that are in the nest from their enemies, and they are protected from being trampled or knocked over by people, cars and lawnmowers, for example if the nests were to be on the ground in winter. fall.
    The nest, with natural enemies of the processionary caterpillars, is thus kept in the container and protected in the container from birds, other parasites and extreme weather conditions.
    It also prevents them from falling on the ground, being trampled or otherwise damaged.
    By protecting the pupae from the processionary caterpillar's natural enemies, as well as protecting the natural enemies emerging from the pupae, the amount of natural enemies increases as more natural enemies hatch.
    Processional butterflies will also emerge from the nest, which butterflies are usually (much) larger than the natural enemies described above. The exit opening(s), through which the (smaller) enemies can leave the container, are dimensioned such that the larger butterflies cannot leave the container, or that at least some of the butterflies are prevented from escaping. After hatching, and usually within a day or several hours, the butterflies in the container will die, interrupting the processionary caterpillar's life cycle. The invention thus results in an increase in the number of natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar and a reduction in the number of processionary caterpillars, whereby this shift will only increase over time because the larger number of natural enemies allows a larger proportion of the processionary caterpillars to grow in a natural environment. way to control.
    The ability to filter the butterflies from the natural enemies is a result of the difference in size and size between the two. Typically, the oak processionary butterfly's body is about 3mm wider compared to the body of its natural enemy. For example, suppose the butterfly is 8mm wide, and the natural enemy is 5mm wide. By dimensioning the exit opening so that it is about 5.5mm or 6mm wide, natural enemies can pass through, but the butterfly cannot.
    The at least one access opening is, for example, formed by a mesh with multiple access openings. A mesh is relatively easy to produce, whereby the mesh size, or the size of the openings in the mesh, can be controlled. In addition, a mesh provides relatively many exit opportunities for the natural enemies of the caterpillar, while it continues to prevent the outflow of hatched butterflies.
    The exit opening or openings have for example a size, diameter or width of 0.5 to 7.5 mm, in particular between 1.5 and 7 mm, more particularly between 3 and 6 mm, more particularly between 4 and 6mm. The size of the opening should in any case be such that the natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar can leave the container, at least to a certain extent, while preventing processionary butterflies from leaving the container, to a certain extent. The filter device thus filters the natural enemies that hatch from the processional butterflies that hatch from the nest. Compared to the butterflies, the natural enemies have a relatively narrow width. So when the openings are narrow enough, the parasitic wasp and the parasitic fly can pass through the openings, but the butterflies cannot. Butterflies, and especially the processionary caterpillar, have relatively broad torsos or middle bodies, especially when compared to their natural enemies, which allows them to be filtered out from the natural enemies by choosing the right size exit opening.
    The same exit openings can potentially also be used to allow natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar access to the nest to parasitize on the nest.
    The seal is, for example, provided with a lock for keeping the seal in closed condition. Locking the seal ensures that the container is not opened accidentally or due to, for example, severe weather conditions, and that the butterflies therefore remain in the container.
    The device also comprises, for instance, a fastening means for fastening the device on or to a tree. The fastening means comprises for instance a fastening lath, which lath can be fastened to the tree as well as to the holder. The slat is for instance designed to be fixed to a tree in a vertical manner, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the tree, wherein the slat is preferably thicker at the top than at the bottom, such that the holder, relative to the tree, slightly leaning forward. However, it is possible that the device is at least partially buried. Alternatively, an eye may be provided, for example on top of the filter device, and a hook or cable may be attached to the boom. By attaching the eye and the hook or cable, the filter device can be lifted into the boom.
    The use of a fixing slat offers a relatively simple option for fixing the holder to a tree. The slat also needs to be fitted to the tree once, after which, for instance, several devices according to the invention can be alternately hung or attached to the slat, without the tree experiencing additional hindrance as a result. By letting the slat become narrower towards the bottom, the device comes to sit somewhat crooked on the slat, as it were. This orientation allows the device to drain naturally, and prevents water from accumulating in the device.
    The container is for instance provided with a bottom, at least one side wall and a roof, wherein the inlet opening and the seal are located in the at least one side wall, and wherein the access opening is preferably also located in the at least one side wall. The nest can be placed on the bottom, with the side wall(s) and the roof holding the nest in the holder. The inlet opening, and the seal, are for instance located in one of the side walls. It is, however, possible to provide the opening and sealing in the roof. The holder is, for example, substantially made of wood, preferably with an FSC quality mark, or a mesh. Wood has the advantage that it is a natural product that is relatively easy to process. Gauze has the advantage that this material is naturally already provided with a large number of openings, in order to achieve the filtering effect according to the invention. Wire mesh also ensures good moisture levels in the nest. It is then important that the mesh size of the mesh is geared to the function of the device, whereby the mesh stops butterflies to a certain extent, but allows natural enemies to pass through. It is also conceivable that the holder is mainly made of (sheet) steel, or of perforated or non-perforated steel plate. This provides a sturdy construction that is long lasting and reliable.
    In an embodiment variant, the holder is substantially cylindrical and made of perforated plate, such as a metal plate. This, too, provides a robust device that can withstand extreme weather and protect the nests inside.
    The container, and in particular the bottom and the roof of the filter device, can be made of plastic, in particular recycled plastic. Recycled plastic reduces the natural burden of the plastic, and can also be reused again when the parts can no longer be used or need to be replaced.
    The container and/or at least one side wall is, for example, at least partially air-permeable.
    This will ventilate the container.
    The filter device may also include a second side wall, which at least partially encloses the side wall, or at least partially encloses the exit opening(s).
    The second side wall is also provided with openings to allow ventilation of the filter device.
    The second side wall is preferably provided at a distance from the side wall, and in particular provided at a distance from the exit opening(s) of the filter device.
    In this way a gap is created between the exit opening(s) and the second side wall.
    The openings of the second side wall are generally dimensioned such that the natural enemies emerging from the container can enter the intermediate space, but cannot leave this space through the second side wall.
    Supplies of water and food, such as sugar water, can be placed in the interspace to feed and regenerate natural enemies such as the parasitic wasp.
    The gap also allows to collect the natural enemies and to count and record the amount of natural enemies coming out of the container.
    After counting, the second sidewall can be temporarily removed to release the natural enemies from the interspace, and then the process can start again.
    By counting the amount of natural enemies, the efficiency of the filter device can be determined and the process of natural control can be adjusted.
    In an embodiment of the invention, the access opening is provided at the top of the container, and the sealing element sealing the access opening is the roof of the container.
    The sealing element may be connected to a number of (necessarily horizontal) plateaus, for instance via a central, substantially vertical, rod.
    Processionary caterpillar nests can be placed on these trays, and multiple trays increases the amount of nests that can be placed in the container.
    Another advantage of this arrangement is that the nests can be easily removed from the holder by lifting the roof of the holder, because the trays and the nests on the trays can be removed in the same movement.
    The present invention also relates to a method for the natural control of processionary caterpillars, comprising the steps of a.
    Placing an at least partially closable container, for instance in a tree or in the ground; b.
    Placing a nest with pupae or caterpillars of the processionary caterpillar in the container, as well as pupae of their natural enemies; c.
    At least partially closing the container and allowing the nest to transform; d.
    Allow natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar, such as parasitic flies and parasitic wasps, to leave the container; and e.
    Prevent butterflies from the processionary caterpillar from escaping from the holder.
    The method may also comprise the steps of f). in a natural environment, for a certain period, usually the period up to the pupa stage, leaving a nest of the processionary caterpillar in place before placing the nest in the container.
    The determined period is preferably the caterpillar period and preferably at least two weeks from the pupa stage.
    By leaving the nest in its natural environment, such as in the tree or in the ground, the natural enemies can attack or parasitize the nest in a natural way.
    By not removing or burning the nests, but placing the nests in the containers, more natural enemies can hatch.
    The butterflies cannot leave the container and die, but the parasitic wasps and parasitic flies can leave the container and strengthen the local population.
    These then parasitize on the next series of processionary caterpillars.
    Many of the parasites also parasitize other species such as the winter moth (Operophiera brumata) and the sticky moth (Lymantria dispar; thus the present invention also contributes to the prevention of infestations of these moth species.
    The present invention aims to keep the impact on the ecosystem very low, without eradication or the use of poison.
    In step a), the holder can be hung towards the north.
    Such orientation provides a relatively natural simulation of good conditions in the container, ventilation of the container and it prevents excessive raining inside the container.
    In step a) the container can be placed such that it hangs forward with respect to the vertical, the container in particular being placed between 1 and 5 degrees from perpendicular.
    This orientation allows the container to drain naturally, and prevents water from accumulating in the device.
    Alternatively, the container may be lifted into a tree, for example by providing an eye on top of the filter device and attaching it to another eye or a hook in the tree with a rope or cable between the two.
    The method may also include the step of counting the amount of natural enemies emerging from the container in an interval, and releasing the natural enemies after counting.
    Although the invention has been described with regard to the processionary caterpillar, the invention can also be used for the natural control of other potential pests, in the same way. Another pest or pest is, for example, the bastard satin butterfly (Euproctis chrysorrhoeg). The invention will be elucidated on the basis of non-limitative exemplary embodiments shown in the following figures. In the drawing: - Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a device according to the present invention, in an open position; Figure 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a device according to the present invention, in a closed position; and Figure 3 shows schematically a butterfly and a parasitic wasp, as well as a mesh with access openings according to the invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show schematically a representation of a device (1) for the natural control of processionary caterpillars. The device (1) comprises a holder (2) for holding a nest (3) of the processionary caterpillar, wherein the holder is provided with an input opening (4) for placing the nest in the holder (2) (3); and a seal (5), for closing the inlet opening (4). The container (2) is provided with a bottom (6), side walls (7) and a roof (8), the inlet opening (4) and the seal (5) being located in a side wall (7). A portion of two of the side walls (7) is made of a mesh (9). The openings in the mesh (9) form exit openings that allow insects to exit the container (2). The exit opening is dimensioned such that natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar can leave the holder (2), but that butterflies of the processionary caterpillar that are in the holder (2) cannot escape from the holder (2).
    Figure 3 shows schematically a picture of a butterfly (10) and a parasitic wasp (11), as well as a mesh (9) with exit openings (12). The butterfly (10) is larger than the parasitoid wasp (11), and the butterfly (10) cannot therefore pass through the exit openings (12), while the parasitoid wasp (11) is not hindered by the limited dimensions of the access openings (12). The dimensions of the mesh are shown very schematically in figure 3. The mesh size should be dimensioned in such a way that a butterfly, even with compressed wings, cannot pass through the openings in the mesh.
    It is otherwise conceivable, however, that the holder is provided with openings, such as holes in the holder, and not per se with gauze.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    A filter device for the natural control of processionary caterpillars, comprising: a. a holder for holding and protecting a nest of the processionary caterpillar and their natural enemies, the holder being provided with: i. an input opening for placing the nest in the holder; and ii a seal, for at least partially closing the inlet opening; ii. at least one exit opening for letting insects out of the container, b. wherein the exit opening is dimensioned such that natural enemies of the processionary caterpillar, such as the parasitic fly, pupa robber or parasitic wasp, can leave the container, but that butterflies of the processionary caterpillar that are in the container cannot escape from the container.
    [2]
    A filter device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one access opening is formed by a mesh having a plurality of access openings.
    [3]
    A filter device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the access opening or openings have a size, diameter or width between 3 and 6 mm, more in particular between 4 and 6 mm.
    [4]
    A filter device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the seal is provided with a locking device for keeping the seal in closed condition.
    [5]
    Filtering device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device also comprises a fastening means for fastening the device on or to a tree, wherein the fastening means comprises a fastening slat, which slat can be fastened to the tree as well as to the holder. .
    [6]
    Filtering device according to claim 5, wherein the slat is adapted to be attached to a tree in a vertical manner, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the tree, wherein the slat is preferably thicker at the top than at the bottom, such that the holder, relative to the tree, leans slightly forward.
    [7]
    A filter device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the container is provided with a bottom, at least one side wall and a roof, wherein the inlet opening and the seal are located in the at least one side wall, and wherein the access opening is preferably also located. in the at least one sidewall.
    [8]
    A filter device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the holder is made substantially of wood or a mesh.
    [9]
    A filter device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the container and/or at least one side wall is at least partially air-permeable.
    [10]
    A method for the natural control of processionary caterpillars, in particular by means of a device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of a. Placing an at least partially closable container, for instance in a tree or in the ground; b. Placing a nest with pupae of the processionary caterpillar as well as pupae of jun natural enemies in the container; c. At least partially sealing the container and allowing the nest to evolve, transform or hatch; d. Allow natural enemies, such as parasitic flies and parasitic wasps, to leave the container; and e. Prevent at least some of the processional butterflies from escaping from the container.
    [11]
    11. Method according to claim 10, wherein in step a) the container is suspended towards the north, wherein the at least one exit opening points, for instance, towards the north.
    [12]
    A method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein in step a) the container is placed such that it hangs forward relative to the vertical, the container in particular being placed between 1 and 5 degrees off perpendicular.
    [13]
    A method according to claim 10, 11 or 12, comprising the step of leaving a nest of the processionary caterpillar in a natural environment for a certain period, before placing the nest in the container.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    Neumann et al.2016|Quo vadis Aethina tumida? Biology and control of small hive beetles
    US5685109A|1997-11-11|Trap for flying insects
    US20110306272A1|2011-12-15|Bottom board for a beehive
    JP2011139676A|2011-07-21|Hive of honeybee
    BE1027355B1|2021-07-02|DEVICE FOR THE NATURAL CONTROL OF PROCESSING BRUGES
    US10076108B2|2018-09-18|Insect trap apparatuses and methods of using the same
    HU0600190A2|2007-11-28|Beehive for elimination of small hive beetle's infection and process to prevent swarming with use of pivotal framed beehive
    KR101436571B1|2014-09-02|Hive having apparatus for prevention of entering larva of injurious insect
    KR200489335Y1|2019-06-04|Harmful Animal Trap Having Food-Attracting Part
    DE102016111522B4|2018-04-12|Catching or screening device of Varroa mites from bee houses
    US20200396977A1|2020-12-24|Cage for capturing hymenoptera
    Quinn et al.1994|Infanticide in skimmers and terns: side effects of territorial attacks or inter-generational conflict?
    CN205547082U|2016-09-07|Honeybee case with catch hornet function
    US20210084868A1|2021-03-25|Beehive excluder
    Coelho et al.1994|Colonization of wildlife nest boxes by honey bee swarms
    EP0071409A1|1983-02-09|Modular beehives
    EP3372075A1|2018-09-12|Wasp-capturing device
    KR20180014303A|2018-02-08|Insect-prevent structure and bee-keeping hive having the same
    CA2450305C|2011-01-11|Screen insert for beehive
    Campbell et al.2012|Can artificial nest-cavities be used as a management tool to assist the control of Common Starlings |?
    JP6808866B1|2021-01-06|Breeding container for paper wasps
    DE202017000059U1|2017-01-23|Device for combating Varroa mite in the hive
    CN205547072U|2016-09-07|Hornet trapping device
    US20200288696A1|2020-09-17|Rodent Trap
    US11033017B2|2021-06-15|Snake trap
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1027355A1|2021-01-13|
    NL2023458B1|2021-02-02|
    EP3763208A1|2021-01-13|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1534734A|1923-11-23|1925-04-21|John C Porter|Insect and nest destrcyer|
    US3319375A|1965-07-26|1967-05-16|Frank B Harvath|Yellow jacket trap|
    WO2008065218A1|2006-11-29|2008-06-05|Rodriguez Garcia Amadeo|Pest-control device|
    CN106035288B|2016-06-01|2018-11-20|福建农林大学|The method of melonfly Synthetical prevention|
    CN201444855U|2009-05-07|2010-05-05|泰山医学院|Release bottle of a parasitoid at pupal period|
    CN102630641B|2012-03-21|2013-07-24|吉林农业大学|Method for continuously releasing parasitic natural enemy insects|
    法律状态:
    2021-08-11| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20210702 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2023458A|NL2023458B1|2019-07-08|2019-07-08|Device for the natural control of procession caterpillars|
    [返回顶部]